Many mandatory defined contribution systems provide a rate of return guarantee. The
guarantees provided have generally been backed by a sequential combination of two or more of …

Defined contribution plans are providing an increasing share of retirement income in a number
of countries around the world. With this type of plan, concern has been raised as to the …

In the United States, poverty rates increase at advanced older ages, but that does not occur
in Ireland and Poland. This paper discusses the Age 80 Allowance in Ireland for persons age …

Because of the importance of Social Security to the retirement income of many people, the
level of future Social Security benefits is an important aspect of retirement readiness. This …

The financial market meltdown in 2008 has raised questions about the security of retirement
income. Defined contribution plans are providing an increasing share of retirement income …

In many countries around the world, a debate is occurring over the structure of retirement
income systems. Following the downfall of communism, countries in central and eastern …

Many social security defined contribution systems provide a rate of return guarantee. Relative
guarantees, the most common type used, are tied to an index. This article compares the …

War has affected the development of social security and employer-provided pensions. Roman
soldiers received the first pensions. In most countries, military pensions preceded social …

by John A. Turner and David M. Rajnes* " security retirement systems around the are facing
financial pressures. These.~ ms are partially caused by population but are aggravated in …

Longevity insurance benefits are deferred annuities that start payment at an advanced age
at which a substantial proportion of the birth cohort has died. In high-income countries, that …