A digital twin is an integration of virtual and physical systems using disruptive technologies.
More precisely, it is a method of developing sustainable, intelligent manufacturing systems …

Cervical dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are a rare cause of intracranial subarachnoid
hemorrhage (SAH) but should be considered when other sources are not found. …

Internet of things (IoT) is estimated to play a significant role in offering tangible and
commercial benefits to the supply chains making the operational processes more efficient and …

The fundamental challenge of drawing causal inference is that counterfactual outcomes are
not fully observed for any unit. Furthermore, in observational studies, treatment assignment …

Electroluminescence (EL) imaging is a photovoltaic (PV) module characterization technique,
which provides high accuracy in detecting defects and faults, such as cracks, broken cells …

A wide range of defects, failures, and degradation can develop at different stages in the
lifetime of photovoltaic modules. To accurately assess their effect on the module performance, …

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been advocated as one of the central dogmas of
health care since the late 20th century. EBM provides health care entities the prospect to …

Causal inference is at the heart of empirical research in natural and social sciences and is
critical for scientific discovery and informed decision making. The gold standard in causal …

Geriatric hip fractures are a common and costly injury. They are expected to surge in incidence
and economic burden as the population ages. With an increasing financial strain on the …

Background Epileptiform activity is associated with worse patient outcomes, including
increased risk of disability and death. However, the effect of epileptiform activity on neurological …