We compare the structure of the financial sectors of the EU27, Japan and the United States,
looking at a set of 23 indicators. We find a large variation within the European Union in the …

COVID-19 has temporarily changed the relative costs and benefits of different payment
methods: cash has become more costly in terms of health risks, ease of use and likelihood of …

In this article, we contribute to the current debate on the sign and size of the finance–growth
relation. To this purpose, we use a meta-analysis with 551 estimates from 68 empirical …

Central banks around the world are examining the possibility of introducing Central Bank
Digital Currency (CBDC). The public’s preferences concerning the usage of CBDC for paying …

If larger pension savings lead to deeper capital markets, this can be expected to have a positive
effect on economic growth in particular for firms that rely on external finance. We employ …

The financial crisis has been attributed partly to perverse incentives for traders at banks and
has led policy makers to propose regulation of banks’ remuneration packages. We explain …

Since 2006, the Dutch population has faced two different cost-sharing schemes in health
insurance for curative care: a mandatory rebate in 2006 and 2007, and a mandatory deductible …

Growing pension savings lead to deeper capital markets. This can have a positive effect on
economic growth by allowing firms that are more dependent on external finance to grow …

Trust in banks is key, especially in turbulent times. Using unique daily data for a representative
panel of Dutch consumers, we examine to what extent the COVID-crisis has affected trust …

In a financial crisis, an initial shock gets amplified while it propagates to other financial
intermediaries, ultimately disrupting the financial sector. We review the literature on such …